White Paper - Nonlinear Crystal Selection and Specification

WHITE PAPER FROM GAMDAN OPTICS, INC.

Selecting and specifying nonlinear optical (NLO) crystals is a critical step in the design and optimization of laser and photonic systems. This process requires a detailed evaluation of several key parameters, including the crystal’s transparency range, nonlinear coefficient, phase-matching characteristics, optical damage threshold, and temperature sensitivity. Each of these factors influences the efficiency and stability of frequency conversion processes such as second-harmonic generation, sum-frequency generation, and optical parametric oscillation. The choice of crystal also depends on the intended wavelength conversion, the power and polarization of the input beam, and the required interaction length to achieve optimal performance.

Commonly used materials such as beta barium borate (BBO), potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP), and lithium triborate (LBO) each offer distinct advantages. For instance, BBO provides broad transparency and high damage thresholds, making it suitable for high-power UV generation. KTP offers high nonlinear efficiency and is often used for visible light generation, while LBO is valued for its excellent phase-matching versatility and thermal stability.

A central challenge for engineers and researchers is selecting and correctly specifying the most suitable NLO crystal for their laser design or application. GAMDAN Optics, Inc. works closely with customers to guide them through every step of this process—ensuring that all optical, mechanical, and environmental factors are thoroughly considered.

In this white paper, we explore in depth the optical requirements, material properties, and selection criteria that drive successful implementation of nonlinear optical materials. Understanding these considerations will help you identify the specifications that matter most for your specific application and performance goals.